Oiri ndechimwe chezviwanikwa zvakakosha mukusimudzira sainzi nehunyanzvi muChina, uye huwandu hwekudzoreredzwa kweoiri hwave kunetsa indasitiri yeChina.Mvura yepetroleum munyika yedu yakagara yakakwirira.Nzira yekudzikisa mvura yemvura yakavewo dambudziko guru mumhizha.Tekinoroji yepamusoro yekudzorera mafutakushandisa polymer semutakuri chiyero chinoshanda kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.Iyi nzira inobudirira inovandudza munyu kuramba mafuta uye inoderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwemapolima matsva ndiyo kiyi yekusimudzira tekinoroji yeChina yekuongorora mafuta.
Keywords:polymer, tekinoroji yekudzoreredza oiri yepamusoro, nzira yekuvandudza, huru yekutsvagisa nzira
Parizvino, mafuta eChina ane mvura yakawanda, uye kuvimba nemafuta ekunze kuri kuwedzerawo.Oiri inobata chinzvimbo chakakura muChina.Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti oiri inogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa pahwaro hwekugadzirwa kwakagadzikana uye kushandiswa kwakachengeteka.Ndiro dambudziko rakakosha kudzikisa zvinobudirira mvura yemafuta, uye kudzoreredza kwemafuta epamusoro uchishandisa polymer semutakuri ndeimwe yematanho anoshanda ekugadzirisa dambudziko iri.Mukuita uku, iyo huru polymer ndeyepolyacrylamide, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kusagadzikana kwemunyu uye zvimwe zvinhu, saka zvinhu izvi zvakakonzera matambudziko eunyanzvi anofanirwa kugadziriswa mumugwagwa wekusimudzira.Kuti usimudzire kusimukira kweindasitiri yemafuta, tsvagiridzo yemapolymer matsva yave iyo yakakosha tekinoroji.
1. Maitiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekudzoreredza mafuta epamusoro
Tekinoroji yekudzoreredza mafuta epamusoro yakawana shanduko nhatu dzakakura-kukura.Kuvandudzwa kwekutanga kwakabva muna 1950 kusvika muna 1969. Mafuta anorema aishandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yepetroleum kuti awane tekinoroji yekuchinjisa mafuta, saka mafuta anorema aishandiswa zvakanyanya munyika.Kubudirira kwechipiri kwaiva kubva muna 1971 kusvika muna 1980. Panguva iyoyo, mafashamo emvura ndiyo yaiva nzira huru, asi kupora kwemafuta epamusoro nemafashamo emakemikari kwakagadzirwa nokukurumidza.Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwemafashamo emakemikari panguva iyoyo kwakadziviswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvisina chokwadi, zvakadai sekudhura kukuru, kusvibiswa kukuru, nezvimwewo. Kubudirira kwechitatu kwakatanga muna 1990, uye tekinoroji yemajekiseni egasi yakasanganiswa yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya muChina.Iyi tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti emutengo wakaderera wekushandisa, yakakura application renji, uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
2, New polymer tertiary mafuta ekudzoreredza tekinoroji
Iyi tekinoroji inounganidza mafuta emafuta katatu.Kudzoreredza kwemafuta ekutanga kunoreva dura resimba mukuita kwekushandiswa kwemafuta;Maitiro ekudzoreredza mafuta echipiri ndeokuzadza dura nesimba rinoyerera, kazhinji kuwedzera gasi nemvura kudhishi;Kudzoreredza kwemafuta epamusoro kunoshandisa makemikari kushandura mashandiro egasi, mvura, oiri nedombo.Pakati pematekinoroji matatu ekudzoreredza mafuta, yechitatu tekinoroji yekudzoreredza mafuta ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi.Iyi tekinoroji ine hunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza kupfuura humwe huviri, hunogona kudzikisa kuchekwa kwemvura kwenzvimbo yemafuta, uye ndiyo chiyero chikuru chekuvandudza mhando yemafuta muChina.Mapolymer matsva aripo mucomb mamorekuru chimiro, anogona kuvandudza kuramba kwemunyu kwema polymer mamorekuru uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya kudzoreredza kwemafuta.Iyi polymer nyowani yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muminda mikuru yemafuta muChina, uye mhedzisiro yacho yakakosha, izvo zvakaratidzwa mukuita.Kuenzaniswa nezvakajairika polyacrylamide, iyi polymer molecule itsva haingodzikisi zvakanyanya mutengo wekushandisa, asi zvakare inogona kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera mafuta ekudzoreredza mwero nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzana, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekudzoreredza mafuta.
3, Mazano makuru ekutsvagisa ekudzoreredza mafuta epamusoro
Chekutanga, munharaunda yemafuta yanhasi, surfactant ine yakanaka yekubvisa mafuta uye mutengo wakaderera ndiyo nhungamiro yekutsvagisa pane ino nhanho mukugadzirwa kweternary composite system mafuta displacement tekinoroji.Pamusoro pezvo, kusarudzwa kwesurfactant kunodzidzwa kuitira kunyatso kudzikisa mutengo wesurfactant mune ternary coincidence system.Parizvino, chinangwa chetsvakiridzo cheindasitiri yepetroleum ndechekuderedza kupatsanurwa kwechromatographic, uye mhinduro dzinogoneka uye dzinoshanda dzakakurudzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemafuta dzine hukama, izvo zvinopa hwaro hwakasimba hweiyo yakakura yakafanana chinhambwe fomula.
Chechipiri, kuvandudza kudzoreredza kwemafuta, furo composite mafashama zvakare tekinoroji inoshanda.Iyi tekinoroji haingobatanidzi zvakanakira kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta ekupisa, asi zvakare ine zvakanakira kupupa kwemafuta ekutamisa, uye zvakare ine mafuta ekutamisa mhedzisiro yenitrogen uye kabhoni dioxide, inonatsiridza zvakanyanya kufambisa kwemafuta.
Iyi tekinoroji inogona kunyatsopinda mukati madiki maburi uye maburi ayo asingagone kuwanikwa neiyo ternary composite system yekubvisa asara mavara emafuta.Iwo maedzo akakodzera anoratidza kuti mafuta ekudzoreredza chinhu anovandudzwa zvinobudirira nemafashama efuro.Mushure mejekiseni repolymer, nekuwedzera tembiricha, furo composite mafashama zvakare inovandudza kudzoreredza kwemafuta.Pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwepamusoro, kupora kwemafuta kunogona kusvika 16%.
Chechitatu, mumakore achangopfuura, hutachiona hwekutamiswa kwemafuta hwakakura nekukurumidza muhunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza oiri, uye dzinenge minda mikuru yemafuta yakaita tsvakiridzo yakakodzera pamusoro pekutamiswa kwemafuta uye kudzoreredza mafuta.Kune anopfuura makumi maviri microbial oiri yekufambisa bvunzo nzvimbo muChina.Nekudaro, tekinoroji yazvino haina kukwana, uye mamwe matambudziko ehunyanzvi achiri kuda kugadziriswa, senge tsvagiridzo yekuongorora hutachiona hwehutachiona munzvimbo yechisikigo.
4, Matambudziko
Kushandiswa kwemapolima muminda yemafuta kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekudzoreredza oiri uye nekudaro kuunza purofiti yakakura yehupfumi, asi hapana chinhu munyika chakakwana.Aya anotevera mamwe matambudziko mukushandiswa kwepolymers:
(1) Wellhead blockage
Chinhu chakakosha kuita kuti mafuta adzorerwe ndeye polymer, iyo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mvura yemafuta.Nekuda kwekukanganisika kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kana jekiseni remamwe mapolymer richikwira uye rasvika pakutsikirirwa kwekutyoka, hunhu hwavo hwekutsikirira hauzadzise zvinodiwa, uye kana vhoriyamu yejekiseni yadzikiswa, plugging yepolymer iri pachena inoitika patsime, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta.
(2) Kugoverwa kwejekiseni netsvina
Chinangwa ndechekudzikisa mutengo wekushandiswa kwemafashama epolymer uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura yakachena kune mafashama epolymer.Kusvika parizvino, kufambira mberi kwekutanga kwakaitwa mukutsvagisa jekiseni repolymer netsvina ine mafuta.Nzira yekutanga ndeyekushandisa zvakananga tsvina ine mafuta kudzikisa munyu inodzivirira polymer.Pamberi pekunyungudutswa, tsvina yebhakitiriya inofanira kubviswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti viscosity yepolymer haizoshandurwe.Yechipiri nzira ndeye pretreat the sewage ine mafuta kuita kuti mvura yayo isvike yakaderera salinity yakachena mvura, wozoipinza mupolymer.Nekudaro, tsvagiridzo yazvino haina kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyo viscosity meshini inobata iyo polymer, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa polymer ine mafuta sewage inoda kumwe optimization nekuvandudzwa.
5, Mhedziso
Iyo tekinoroji yekuongorora yepamusoro inobatanidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hutsva mufizikisi, chemistry uye biology kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuongorora oiri.Mundima ye petroleum industry,tekinoroji yekushandisa yepamusoroyakavakirwa papolymer yasvika kune maindasitiri uye hukuru-hukuru kushandiswa, iyo inogona kupa ine simba tekinoroji nzira dzekushandisa peturu yeChina.Nekudaro, nekusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi nzira, mamwe ematambudziko anouya anonyatso kutipa musoro.Zvinetso zviviri zvadudzwa munyaya yacho zvinongova chimwe chezvizhinji zvacho.Nokudaro, mumugwagwa wenguva katatu yekutsvaga migodhi nekusimudzira, hatigoni kuzorora chero nguva.Tinofanira kusimbaradza kuedza kwetsvakiridzo yesainzi kugadzirisa matambudziko akakosha, nekugadzirisa matambudziko ari muhunyanzvi hwemigodhi zvirinani uye nemazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2022