Zvimwe petrochemical catalysts
Zvimwe petrochemical catalysts
Hydration inoitika apo mvura inosanganiswa nechimwe chinhu kuita morekuru.Mamorekuru emvura ane hydrogen uye hydroxyl uye zvinhu mamorekuru asina unsaturated bond kuwedzera kuumba makomisheni matsva, mukuita uku kunoita basa rinokonzeresa muzvinhu zvinonzi hydration catalyst, iyi synthesis nzira yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari.Hydration process ndeimwe yemaitiro ekugadzira organic, asi senzira yakakosha yekugadzira, inogumira kune mashoma marudzi ezvigadzirwa, senge ethanol uye diols.
Kubvisa mvura mumuviri kunogona kuitwa nekudziya kana kuti catalyst kana nekuita nedehydrating agent.Dehydration reaction ndiyo inodzoreredza maitiro e hydration reaction, kazhinji endothermic reaction, kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwira uye kuderera kunoenderana nekuita.Mukuwedzera, yakawanda yemaitiro ekudzikisa mvura inofanira kuitwa pamberi pezvinokonzera.Iyo catalyst inoshandiswa mu hydration process - acid catalyst yakakodzerawo kupera mvura, inowanzoshandiswa sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, aluminium oxide uye zvichingodaro.Macatalyst akasiyana ane akasiyana makuru zvigadzirwa uye yakakwirira selectivity.
Alkylation ndiko kutamiswa kweboka realkyl kubva kune imwe molecule kuenda kune imwe.Mhedzisiro umo boka realkyl (methyl, ethyl, etc.) rinopinzwa mucompound molecule.Alkylation agents anowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri olefin, halane, alkyl sulfate ester, nezvimwe.
Muchigadziro chekunatsa, iyo alkylation system inobatanidza yakaderera molecular weight alkenes (kunyanya propylene uye butene) ne isobutane vachishandisa catalyst (sulfonic kana hydrofluoric acid) kugadzira alkylates (kunyanya yakakwirira octanes, side alkanes).Alkylation reactions inogona kukamurwa kuita thermal alkylation uye catalytic alkylation.Nekuda kwekushisa kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwe alkylation reaction, zviri nyore kugadzira pyrolysis uye mamwe maitiro epadivi, saka catalytic alkylation nzira inogamuchirwa muindasitiri.
Nekuti sulfuric acid uye hydrofluoric acid zvine asidhi yakasimba, kukora kwemidziyo kwakakomba.Naizvozvo, kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwakachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvi zviviri zvinokonzeresa hazvisi izvo zvinokonzeresa.Parizvino, yakasimba superacid inoshandiswa sealkylation catalyst, asi haisati yasvika padanho rekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kusvika zvino.
Kupindirana kweimwe isomer kune imwe.Nzira yekushandura chimiro chemukomboni pasina kushandura chimiro chayo kana huremu hwema molecular.Shanduko yenzvimbo yeatomu kana boka muorganic compound molecule.Kazhinji pamberi pezvinokonzera.
Imwe mhando yehydrocarbon inogona kushandurwa kuita marudzi maviri ehydrocarbon akasiyana nekushandisa maitiro ekusaenzana, saka kusaenzana ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa kupihwa uye kudiwa kwehydrocarbon muindasitiri.Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha ndeye toluene disproportionation yekuwedzera xylene kugadzira uye kugadzira yakakwirira kuchena benzene panguva imwe chete, uye propylene disproportionation kugadzira triolefin maitiro epolymer-giredhi ethylene uye yakakwirira kuchena butene.Shanduko ye toluene kuita benzene uye xylene kazhinji inoshandisa silicon aluminum catalyst.Parizvino, tsvagiridzo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye molecular sieve catalyst, senge meridionite-mhando silk molecular sieve.
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